Ducation] History of PTB [vs. no history] Sample age (in hours)Model coefficient (95 CI) 5.416 [5.323, 5.508] 0.142 [0.043, 0.241] 0.258 [0.126, 0.391] 20.021 [20.156, 0.113] 0.128 [0.020, 0.236] 20.324 [20.542, 20.105] 0.0039 [0.0003, 0.0076]Exponentiated coefficient (95 CI) 224.9 [205.1, 246.7] 1.152 [1.044, 1.272 1.295 [1.134, 1.479] 0.979 [0.856, 1.120] 1.136 [1.020, 1.266] 0.724 [0.582, 0.900] 1.004 [1.000, 1.008]P-value,0.001 0.005 ,0.001 0.76 0.02 0.004 0.Results of the model fitted on the full dataset (n = 176), obtained from the backward selection procedure outlined in the text. Covariates considered but not retained were: maternal age, marital status, smoking, body mass index and storage time. Coefficients of the model (additive on the log scale) were exponentiated to multiplicative factors, allowing interpretation on the concentration scale. Sample age = time delay between blood sampling and processing. CI, confidence interval; PTB, preterm birth; ROM, rupture of the membranes. R2 = 0.28. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056050.tSerum sTREM-1 in Laborinformation could be obtained on the presence of intra amniotic infection in patients with PPROM or PTL and sTREM-1 levels in serum and amniotic fluid could not be compared, since amniocentesis is not routinely performed in patients with preterm labor. Finally, sTREM-1 concentrations were measured only once upon admission. Evaluation of the Annabis cultivation (a controlled growing environment), and global availability of seeds time-course of plasma sTREM1 levels during Title Loaded From File sepsis showed that a progressive decline in sTREM1 concentration was associated with a favorable clinical evolution [36]. It would be interesting to investigate the clinical informative value of repeated determinations of serum sTREM-1 in hospitalized patients with preterm labor. In conclusion, we found elevated sTREM-1 concentrations in maternal serum during spontaneous parturition (either term or preterm) and sTREM-1 levels were significantly higher in women with preterm labor. Further studies are required to explore the roleof sTREM-1 in the inflammatory response during pregnancy and labor.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Mr. Alain Visscher, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University. We gratefully acknowledge the residents and midwives for collecting the blood samples.Author ContributionsContributed to the interpretation of the data: HV BS BV RV. Revised the article: HV BV MV RV MT. Provided statistical support: OD. Read and approved the final manuscript: IT HV BS BV MV OD RV MT. Conceived and designed the experiments: HV MV RV MT IT. Performed the experiments: BS. Analyzed the data: IT. Wrote the paper: IT.
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs), which form the inner surface of blood vessel wall, serve important homeostatic functions in maintaining the vascular physiological states. EC functional changes, such as abnormal permeability, proliferation, apoptosis, alignment, production of chemotactic molecules, and expression of adhesion molecules, etc., play significant roles in many vascular diseases [1,2]. ECs are exposed to mechanical stimuli in vivo, including shear stress caused by the dragging frictional force of blood flow, and cyclic strain resulting from the repetitive deformation of the cells as the arterial wall rhythmically distends and relaxes with the pulsatile pressure. It has been shown that physiological mechanical stimuli are essential to EC homeostasis, while pathological mechanical stimuli contribute to the development of vascular.Ducation] History of PTB [vs. no history] Sample age (in hours)Model coefficient (95 CI) 5.416 [5.323, 5.508] 0.142 [0.043, 0.241] 0.258 [0.126, 0.391] 20.021 [20.156, 0.113] 0.128 [0.020, 0.236] 20.324 [20.542, 20.105] 0.0039 [0.0003, 0.0076]Exponentiated coefficient (95 CI) 224.9 [205.1, 246.7] 1.152 [1.044, 1.272 1.295 [1.134, 1.479] 0.979 [0.856, 1.120] 1.136 [1.020, 1.266] 0.724 [0.582, 0.900] 1.004 [1.000, 1.008]P-value,0.001 0.005 ,0.001 0.76 0.02 0.004 0.Results of the model fitted on the full dataset (n = 176), obtained from the backward selection procedure outlined in the text. Covariates considered but not retained were: maternal age, marital status, smoking, body mass index and storage time. Coefficients of the model (additive on the log scale) were exponentiated to multiplicative factors, allowing interpretation on the concentration scale. Sample age = time delay between blood sampling and processing. CI, confidence interval; PTB, preterm birth; ROM, rupture of the membranes. R2 = 0.28. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056050.tSerum sTREM-1 in Laborinformation could be obtained on the presence of intra amniotic infection in patients with PPROM or PTL and sTREM-1 levels in serum and amniotic fluid could not be compared, since amniocentesis is not routinely performed in patients with preterm labor. Finally, sTREM-1 concentrations were measured only once upon admission. Evaluation of the time-course of plasma sTREM1 levels during sepsis showed that a progressive decline in sTREM1 concentration was associated with a favorable clinical evolution [36]. It would be interesting to investigate the clinical informative value of repeated determinations of serum sTREM-1 in hospitalized patients with preterm labor. In conclusion, we found elevated sTREM-1 concentrations in maternal serum during spontaneous parturition (either term or preterm) and sTREM-1 levels were significantly higher in women with preterm labor. Further studies are required to explore the roleof sTREM-1 in the inflammatory response during pregnancy and labor.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Mr. Alain Visscher, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Stat-Gent CRESCENDO, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University. We gratefully acknowledge the residents and midwives for collecting the blood samples.Author ContributionsContributed to the interpretation of the data: HV BS BV RV. Revised the article: HV BV MV RV MT. Provided statistical support: OD. Read and approved the final manuscript: IT HV BS BV MV OD RV MT. Conceived and designed the experiments: HV MV RV MT IT. Performed the experiments: BS. Analyzed the data: IT. Wrote the paper: IT.
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs), which form the inner surface of blood vessel wall, serve important homeostatic functions in maintaining the vascular physiological states. EC functional changes, such as abnormal permeability, proliferation, apoptosis, alignment, production of chemotactic molecules, and expression of adhesion molecules, etc., play significant roles in many vascular diseases [1,2]. ECs are exposed to mechanical stimuli in vivo, including shear stress caused by the dragging frictional force of blood flow, and cyclic strain resulting from the repetitive deformation of the cells as the arterial wall rhythmically distends and relaxes with the pulsatile pressure. It has been shown that physiological mechanical stimuli are essential to EC homeostasis, while pathological mechanical stimuli contribute to the development of vascular.
