Ried out in the Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual
Ried out in the Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta (Italy). The IVR gear is installed in a rectangular area (five m64 m63 m) and includes the PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24367588 3D Vizard Virtual Reality Toolkit Devices for Integrated VR Setups and Position Tracking Program. Virtual stimuli had been presented through the nVisor SX (NVIS, USA) head mounted show (HMD) with two displays providing stereoscopic depth (about 30 instances a sec.). The stereoscopic pictures run at 2806024 resolution, refreshed at 60 Hz. The virtual situation spanned 60 degrees horizontally by 38 degrees vertically. Graphics card used Vizard softwares (WorldViz, USA). Head orientation was tracked by a threeaxis orientation sensor (InertiaCube3; Intersense, USA) and head position by a passive optical tracking system (Precision Position Tracker, PPTH4; WorldViz, USA). Graphics displayed within the HMD were updated around the basis of sensed position and orientation of participant’s head. Moreover, the Information Glove, a glove equipped with 4 tactilepressures sensors offering the sense of hand movement, was also MedChemExpress MCB-613 utilised. Graphics modeling have been produced by 3D Google Sketch Up 7.0 freesoftware. The position and orientation tracking systems permitted participants to realistically expertise dynamic and stereoscopic visuomotor input as if they had been in front of natural stimuli.Virtual StimuliVirtual atmosphere. The virtual space measured three m62.4 m63 m. It consisted of green walls, white ceiling and grey floor. Around the floor, a dashed white line in the participants’ beginning position till the end in the virtual space was traced.Reaching and Comfort Distance in Virtual Social InteractionsParticipants could move forwardbackward without having colliding with any genuine obstacle [26]. Virtual agents. Pilot research were performed to select the avatars most related to human beings (rated on a 5point scale). The selected human avatars represented male and female adults aged about 30 years and perceived as representation of Italian citizens. As shown in Figure , male and female avatars kept their arms extended along the body. An anthropomorphic robot along with a cylinder had been also employed (see Figure ). The height from the virtual stimuli was 75 cm. The gaze of human avatars and anthropomorphic robot was kept hunting straight ahead throughout the experimental sessions and their facial expression was neutral [26]. Considering the fact that distance might be influenced by familiar size in impoverished visual environments [33], in a control experiment 20 participants (half females) judged the height of each and every virtual stimulus whilst positioned at three counterbalanced positions from them (.five m, two m and 3 m). The results showed that all virtual stimuli have been perceived together with the identical height independently on the distance in the perceiver (F,).ProcedureThe experimenter introduced participants towards the IVR devices to produce them acquainted using the virtual planet. All participants received written instructions regarding the task that had been then orally repeated by the experimenter. Then, there was a familiarization phase. Participants wore the HMD and also the Information Glove and had been permitted to explore freely the virtual area. Information Glove was applied to produce participants perceive their arm fully stretched within the virtual scene. By means of the HMD, participants have been completely immersed within the virtual room exactly where they could see the virtual stimuli and could make comprehensive exploratory movements. They could not see any a part of th.
