Ually adds nutrients, but in heavy (clay) soils, which are not conducive to excellent potato growth, it acts as an aerating agent and alleviates soil’s heaviness. However, in light (sandy) soils, manure provides organic matter and nutrients that would otherwise be lacking. Application of manure drastically increases the potatoes yield [31] as well as impacts yields and soil chemical composition a long time right after the manure application [32]. On the other hand, organic manures (which include FYM) can not supply enough nutrients to meet the requirements and potential of modern potato varieties. Because of this, it is advisable to apply mineral fertilizers [25,33] or combine organic manures with mineral fertilizers [34]. Nevertheless, fertilization suggestions cannot be generalized, as each recommendation needs to be site-specific, based on the soil and climate conditions on the site [35]. Our key analysis objective was to assess characteristics in the interactions in between differentiated fertilization management (seven fertilization treatments) and environmental aspects in elements of its influence on the potato yields and selected soil parameters (pH, N, P, K and soil carbon content–Cox). The fertilization treatments represent different management practices and incorporate 1) unfertilized Handle, two) application of cow manure (FYM), 3, four) combination of manure and two distinctive mineral nitrogen rates (FYM N1, FYM N2), which represents the direction of fertilization with out the application of mineral P and K fertilizers, and 5, 6 and 7) the combination of FYM and mineral NPK fertilizers (FYM N1PK, FYM N2PK, FYM N3PK), which represents the combination of manure and all 3 key mineral fertilizers (against FYM N treatment options). The experiment was carried out amongst the years 2016 and 2019 (4 years) on three web sites with unique soil and climatic situations (Caslav–degraded Diversity Library web Chernozem, Ivanovice– Chernozem, Lukavec–Cambisol). two. Outcomes 2.1. Climate Situations two.1.1. Caslav In Caslav, the climate conditions were the principle element influencing yields (see Section two.two.1, 67 in accordance with the MANOVA). The lowest Moveltipril Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) typical yields were recorded in 2018 (7.7 t ha-1 , Table 1), which was the season characterised as a season with precipitation very below standard (Table S1). The sum of precipitation was really below regular in the course of April and May possibly and extraordinary beneath standard in the course of July (Table S1). The year 2018 was also the hottest one. April and August have been specially hot, characterized as extraordinary above regular (Table S2), along with the entire season was really above typical. This implies that 2018 was an extremely dry and warm year in Caslav, which impacted the yield. 2.1.2. Ivanovice A equivalent situation was recorded in Ivanovice. Yields here had been largely influenced by weather circumstances (see Section 2.2.two, 87 in accordance with the MANOVA). The lowest typical yields had been recorded in 2018 (12.0 t ha-1 , Table 1). The 2018 season was characterized because the season with all the lowest sum of precipitation (228.5 mm throughout the season, Table S1). The 2018 season was also the hottest one. With the average temperature of 18.8 C, the 2018 season was extraordinary above the regular season, with two months (April and August) becoming extraordinary above normal (Table S2). As in Caslav, the combination of unprecedented conditions in 2018 resulted in extraordinary low yields in 2018. 2.1.3. Lukavec In Lukavec, the lowest typical yields were recorded in 2019 (26.three t ha-1 ) and 2018 (30.two t ha-1 , Table 1). In both se.
