Is higher and straight proportional for the laser wavelength, which increases the operation complexity of the EOM at long wavelengths [17]. The EO crystals applied in EOM that are appropriate for 2 lasers are RTP and LiNbO3 . In practice, there are only a number of reports on diode-pumped, all-solid-state EO, Q-switched two lasers that function at space temperature. In one such report from 2016, a diode pumped laser technique using a Tm:YAG slab laser crystal, utilizing an RTP-based EOM, achieved 7.five mJ with 58 ns pulse duration [18]. In 2018, a diode-pumped Tm:LuAG laser making use of a LiNbO3 crystal primarily based EOM delivered a pulse energy of 10.8 mJ using a pulse width of 52 ns [19]. In both cases, the EO crystals had been exceptionally lengthy and had been operated with an incredibly higher voltage, significantly complicating the cavity design and supporting electronics. By way of example, making use of a LiNbO3 at the two waveScaffold Library Screening Libraries length range demands a 25 mm extended crystal, and an operating voltage of three kV, as reported in [19]. In 2018 we reported the first Raman laser within the 2 region primarily based on a KGW crystal. The KGW Raman laser was pumped by an actively Q-switched Tm:YLF laser based on an AOM which operated at 1880 nm [20]. The motives for chosing the KGW crystal, regardless of its low Raman gain coefficient in comparison with the BaWO4 , were its great thermal properties and its somewhat higher harm threshold. By using our Tm-based seed we are able to realize a good Raman conversion. The active Q-switch mechanism on the pump source is one of a kind in two key aspects. The EO crystal is KLTN, and also the switching mechanism is polarization modulation. The KLTN is definitely an unique pervoskite crystal, using a quadratic EO effect within the paraelectric phase [21]. Near the crystal ferroelectric phase transition, the electro-optic impact is drastically improved, which makes it possible for large reductions in the driving voltage and the crystal length.Photonics 2021, eight,three ofThe switching is performed by a novel system created to mitigate the powerful piezoelectric ringing within the KLTN, and to enable much more stable pulses at greater repetition prices. The novelty of this operate is inside the implementation with the above new EO modulator as an active Q-switch in the Tm:YAP pump laser (emit at 1935 nm), with each other with a KGW crystal in order to extend the range of output wavelengths when utilizing Raman impact within this spectral range. When applying the Tm:YAP laser as a pump supply, we have to have to cooperate with its fairly high thermal lensing constraints, so that you can improve the Raman laser’s overall performance. The KGW Raman laser operated at two distinctive wavelengths. At the initially operating wavelength of 2273 nm, we obtained the output energy of 0.42 mJ/pulse and 18.two ns pulse duration. At the second wavelength of 2344 nm, power of 0.416 mJ/pulse was reached; having said that, a shorter pulse duration of 14.7 ns was measured. For the best of our expertise, this is the initial Raman laser in the 2 region demonstrating the combination of an EO modulation Tm:YAP pump laser and also a KGW Raman crystal. two. Experimental Setup The Raman laser was built up in an external cavity configuration, which unlike the intracavity configuration, does not limit the design and style with the pump laser, and allows 1 to attain both high power and brief pulse duration. This configuration is extra Moveltipril Inhibitor trusted with regards to design and style considerations and alignment constraints. It facilitates the handle on the pump energy density inside the Raman crystal by correct design and style with the delivering optics between the basic and Raman lasers. In addi.
