Regular University, Hangzhou 311121, China; [email protected] College of Science
Typical University, Hangzhou 311121, China; [email protected] School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia Correspondence: [email protected] (F.Z.); [email protected] (Z.-H.C.)Citation: Tong, T.; Li, Q.; Jiang, W.; Chen, G.; Xue, D.; Deng, F.; Zeng, F.; Chen, Z.-H. Molecular Evolution of Calcium Signaling and Transport in Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Strain. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms222212308 Academic Editor: Ryoung Shin Received: 17 October 2021 Accepted: 12 November 2021 Published: 15 NovemberAbstract: Adaptation to unfavorable abiotic stresses is GSK2646264 VEGFR amongst the important processes within the evolution of plants. Calcium (Ca2+ ) signaling is characterized by the spatiotemporal pattern of Ca2+ distribution and also the activities of multi-domain proteins in integrating environmental stimuli and cellular responses, that are important early events in abiotic strain responses in plants. On the other hand, a extensive summary and explanation for evolutionary and functional synergies in Ca2+ signaling remains elusive in green plants. We assessment mechanisms of Ca2+ membrane transporters and intracellular Ca2+ sensors with evolutionary imprinting and structural clues. These may well deliver molecular and bioinformatics insights for the functional analysis of some non-model species inside the evolutionarily significant green plant lineages. We summarize the chronological order, spatial place, and qualities of Ca2+ functional proteins. Additionally, we highlight the integral functions of calcium-signaling elements in numerous nodes with the Ca2+ signaling pathway via conserved or variant evolutionary processes. These ultimately bridge the Ca2+ cascade reactions into regulatory networks, specifically inside the hormonal signaling pathways. In summary, this review delivers new perspectives towards a superior understanding of the evolution, interaction and integration of Ca2+ signaling components in green plants, which can be probably to advantage future analysis in agriculture, evolutionary biology, ecology and the environment. Keywords and phrases: calcium ion; phylogenetic analysis; abiotic anxiety; ion transport; regulatory networkPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.1. Introduction Plants have to cope with consistently altering environments, which are normally stressful for plant development, improvement and reproduction [1]. Abiotic stresses in adverse environmental conditions such as drought, extreme temperature, nutrient deficiency, salinity, and toxic metal(loid)s, are regarded as major environmental aspects that impact the geographical distribution of plants in nature and limit the productivity and top quality of agricultural crops [2,3]. Plants can sense abiotic stresses by means of precise sensors and integrated signaling pathways (e.g., Calcium (Ca2+ ) signaling) to alter their physiology, metabolism and improvement [1]. As a result, improving the abiotic anxiety tolerance of plants is essential for worldwide food safety and environmental sustainability. Calcium is an important macronutrient for plant development and improvement, and acts as a critical second Cholesteryl sulfate Purity & Documentation messenger in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses in plants. Abiotic stresses can induce an increase in spatiotemporal variations of intracellular Ca2+Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee.
