ollecting ACAT Inhibitor Synonyms samples and/or throat swabs to confirmto confirm the[5]. swabs the infection infection [5]. SARS-CoV-2 is aa beta-coronaviruscontaining RNA because the nuclear component. The SARS-CoV-2 is beta-coronavirus containing RNA as the nuclear element. The genetic sequencing indicated that the virus has 80 similarity with SARS-CoV-1 and 96 genetic sequencing indicated that the virus has 80 similarity with SARS-CoV-1 and 96 with bat coronavirus. The outer surface from the virusvirus consists of key components: spike with bat coronavirus. The outer surface of your contains three three significant elements: (S) glycoproteins, envelope (E) and film (M) protein. The S proteinproteinto angiotensinspike (S) glycoproteins, envelope (E) and film (M) protein. The S binds binds to angioconverting enzyme-2 (ACE2) positioned around the surface of surface ofand initiates theinitiates the tensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) situated around the host cells host cells and approach of infection of infection [6]. The S identified to contain two functional subunits that assist in process [6]. The S protein was protein was identified to include two functional subunits the interaction using the host cell. The host cell. The S1 subunits core domainscore domains that help within the interaction using the S1 subunits include four contain 4 named S1A , Snamed S1A, SS1D, which are responsible for attaching the virus to the the virus for the host. 1B , S1C, and 1B, S1C, and S1D, which are accountable for attaching host. The S2 subunit then assists in fusion assistsvirus withof the virus with all the cellular membrane of host cells The S2 subunit then from the in fusion the cellular membrane of host cells [7]. [7]. Researchers throughout the globe are working overtime to discover a specific healthcare intervention for COVID-19. However, the studies haven’t yet reached the logical end in identifying a secure and effective therapy against COVID-19. The accessible therapeutic alternatives to treat COVID-19 are mainly patient-specific and depend on the severity of theInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22,three ofcondition. Oxygen supplementation, dexamethasone (corticosteroids), warfarin (anticoagulant) and convalescent plasma therapy (antibody supplement) are routinely practiced [8]. The list of vital anti-COVID-19 drugs in the pipeline is represented in Table 1. WHO has appealed to all countries to vaccinate their population at the earliest chance to prevent the spread of your illness. Even so, the search for a vaccine that shows a substantial amount of protection against each of the SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to be under study [9].Table 1. List of important drugs in the pipeline against COVID-19 [2,8]. Sl No. 1 Class Protease inhibitors Non-structural proteins inhibitors Peptides Target/Mechanism 3C and 3C-Like protease (3CPro , 3CLPro ), Popain-like protease (PLPro ) Helicase Non-antigenic polymers to enhance Adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) Inhibitor Storage & Stability immunity Down-regulates host ACE2 receptor level 4 RNA solutions SARS-mRNA SARS M protein expression 5 6 Vaccines Inhibitors of unknown target S protein Disruption of viral protein-cellular interaction Examples N-butyl-benzimidazolylamino-toluene derivatives, Phytochemicals, for example scutellarin, quercetagetin, myricetin and robinetin. Aryl diketoacids Thymosin 1 peptide Soluble ACE2 in DNA encoding form Robozyme (an antisense RNA)si RNA-M2(Double stranded RNA)Vector-based and attenuated vaccines by intra-nasal route Amiodarone, Dronedarone, mono-desethyl-amiodaroneNote: ACE-2–Angiotensin converting enzyme-2, S
