Nanoparticle suspensionNew born pig skin[140]Subcutaneous injection in amistogoteinfected hamsters Female CD-1 mice Acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP1 cell) Mice[3,157]Antiinflammatory agent Antioxidant, antiinflammatory agent Antioxidant agent[5,157][5,158][5,149]Antioxidants 2021, ten,17 ofTable 3. Cont. Flavonoid Nanoformulation Skin Model Therapeutic Application Use of liposomes for the local delivery, including skin and tumor deposition, of polyphenols Antioxidant and chemopreventive activity Wound healing impact Synergize the UV radiationprotective capacity of EGCG and HA in addition to imparting antioxidant and antiaging effects New formulation for dermal delivery of genistein, with a variety of therapeutic applications Promising car for topical kaempferol application Protection from photodegradation Improve skin delivery of resveratrol H2 Receptor list increase skin delivery of resveratrol Elevated antioxidant activity Whitening impact Release of hesperetin in posterior of eye Skin irritation Antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent Photoprotective, antioxidant agent Ref.CatechinsFemale nude Multilamellar mouse phosphatidylcholine(Balb/c-nu, 6 liposomes weeks old) Female nude mouse (Balb/c-nu, 6 week) Iranian rabbits[3,151]Ethanol enriched liposomes Cream[152][5,159]Tansfersomes containing EGCG and hyaluronic acid (HA)HaCaT cells[5,150]GenisteinNanoemulsionPig ear skin[3,160]KaempferolSubmicron emulsionsSprague Dawley rat[142]ResveratrolSolid lipid Nanoparticles Lipid-core NanocapsulesPorcine skin[161]Resveratrol + curcuminHuman skin[162]niosomesCell rabbit skin[163]Hesperetin, hesperidinMicroemulsion Topical matrix film Microemulsion based ointment GelGuinea pigs Albino rabbits Wistar rats[5,164] [5,165] [5,166]NaringeninHRS/J mice[5,162]NanoparticlesWistar rats[5,162]Antioxidants 2021, ten,18 ofTable three. Cont. Flavonoid Nanoformulation Phospholipid phytosomes Ethosomes Skin Model Albino rats Konmin mice Therapeutic Application Antioxidant agent Antiinflammatory agent Antiinflammatory agent Antiinflammatory agent Therapy of arthritis Development promoting effect Ref. [5,167] [5,168]ApigeninAnthocyaninNiosome gel Luteolin in olive oil Luteolin-loaded niosomes/Niosomal transgel NanoemulsionMale Wistar rats[5,169]ICR mice[5,170]LuteolinAlbino Wistar rats C57BL/6 mice[148][149]9. Concluding Remarks Inside the final couple of years, flavonoids have already been extensively studied for their outstanding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. Nonetheless, their lipophilic nature and poor aqueous solubility invariably bring about restricted oral bioavailability. Furthermore, flavonoids are quickly degraded and metabolized within the human body, which drastically hinders their clinical application. Thus, oral delivery faces numerous challenges, and lately, there has been a shift towards the development of new formulations and option delivery routes, namely cutaneous administration. Flavonoid encapsulation is also an effective way not simply to enhance their pharmacokinetics but additionally to avoid degradation and increase security. Numerous novel formulations aiming at cutaneous delivery happen to be developed with the goal to improve the solubility and permeability of flavonoids across the skin barrier, with minimal adverse effects. Nonetheless, there is certainly still the need to CCR5 Formulation overcome limitations, like a sustained release profile and skin retention time, to achieve an effective therapeutic dosage. Inside the literature, various experimental protocols happen to be applied, hamper
