otsDhariwal et al. BMC Genomics(2021) 22:Page 9 ofQTL genome locations and comparisons with previously identified QTLs/genesBased on each of the SNP markers mapped for the QTL regions in this study, physical positions of all of the markers around the wheat reference genome (IWGSC RefSeq v2.0) were detected (Added file 2: Tables S7, S8). This led for the identification of physical intervals of all the QTLs on wheat chromosomes (Table 2). Results from a total of 32 previously published research and many numbers of other genes from various on-line sources (Added file 2: Table S9) had been assessed to verify if they overlap physical intervals (on reference genome) of QTLs detected within this study. We located that 13 of the 21 main effect-loci identified within this study appeared to shared chromosome positions exactly where at the least one QTL has been previously identified in other wheat genotype(s) (Table two). The remaining eight QTLs appear to become new and were identified for the very first time within this study. These new QTLs also involve two big QTLs, QPhs.lrdc-2B.1 and QPhs. lrdc-3B.2, along with a most stable but minor QTL, QPhs.lrdc2B.2, which was identified across environments and within the pooled data. AAC Tenacious contributed resistance at these two important QTLs, while AAC FGFR Compound Innova at minor QTL QPhs.lrdc-2B.two (Tables 1 and 2). Comparative analyses of your genomic intervals of QTLs detected in this study with that of previously identified and cloned PHS resistance genes identified a number of candidate genes in QTL regions (Table 2). These include Ppd-D1b (in QTL IL-17 manufacturer interval QPhs.lrdc-2D.1), MFT-A1b (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.1) and AGO802A (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.two) on chromosome 3A, MFT-3B-1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3B.1) on chromosome 3B, and AGO802D and TaVp1-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs. lrdc-3D.1) and TaMyb10-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc3D.2) on chromosome 3D (Table two). Certainly one of the above candidate genes, Ppd-D1, a photoresponse and domestication gene, was assessed for its association with PHS resistance and days to anthesis (DTA). Genetically, Ppd-D1 was mapped to QPhs.lrdc2D.1 interval within 1.61 cM from the closely linked SNP marker wsnp_CAP12_c1503_764765 (Table 1 and Further file 2: Table S7). It was observed that the AAC Tenacious derived photoperiod-sensitive allele PpdD1b significantly decreased pre-harvest sprouting in AAC Innova/AAC Tenacious population, irrespective of other genes/QTLs (Fig. five). However, DTA showed weak unfavorable association (r – 0.20) with PHS resistance. A detailed AAC Tenacious pedigree chart with information of unique PHS-resistant sources was generated (Extra file four: Fig. S3). Interestingly, AAC Tenacious has several PHS-resistant bread wheat landraces/genotypes [Akakomugi (landrace, Japan), Button (cultivar, Kenya), Crimean (landrace, USA), Frontana(cultivar, Brazil), Difficult Red Calcutta (landrace, India), Kenya-Farmer (cultivar, Kenya), Kenya 9 M-1A-3 (breeding line, Kenya), Kenya-U (breeding line, Kenya), Ostka Galicyjska (landrace, Poland), RL2265 (breeding line, Canada), RL4137 (breeding line, Canada), Thatcher (cultivar, USA) and Turco (landrace, Brazil)] in addition to a durum cultivar Iumillo (USA) in its parentage as progenitors (Extra file 4: Fig. S3). A number of pedigrees (Further file 5) from the cultivars/genotypes including AAC Innova and that previously reported to possesses PHS resistance QTL(s)/gene(s) within the identical chromosomal regions exactly where QTLs happen to be reported within this study have been also searched. It
