Received: 18 November 2016 DOI: 10.1002/hup.Revised
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Received: 18 November 2016 DOI: ten.1002/hup.Revised: 23 MayAccepted: 8 JuneRESEARCH ARTICLEBiomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)Marlou Mackus|Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo1,|S. Jorinde Raasveld|Anna Hogewoning||Javier Sastre Tora three | Frits M. Flesch3 | Gerdien A. H. KorteBouws1 | Renier H. P. van Neer3 | Xiaochun Wang3 | Thomas T. Nguyen3 | Karel A. Brookhuis4 Aletta D. Kraneveld1,|Johan Garssen1,AbstractIntroduction Strategies|Joris C. Verster1,2,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Institute for Danger Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Division of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The NetherlandsThe aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide(EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state. Thirtysixhealthy social drinkers participated within this study, getting of naturalisticdesign. Eighteen participants knowledge regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not encounter a hangover (the hangoverimmune group). On a control day (alcoholfree) day along with a postalcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations have been determined and hangover severity assessed.ResultsUrinary EtG and EtS concentrations were drastically increased on postalcohol day5compared to the handle day (p = .0001). Each EtG and EtS concentrations didn’t considerably correlate with all the overall hangover score, nor using the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and variety of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated considerably only using the individual hangover symptom “headache” (p = .033; r = .403). No important correlations had been identified using the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations considerably correlated with urine ethanol concentrations.Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Correspondence Joris C Verster, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands. E mail: [email protected] urine EtG and EtS concentration didn’t substantially correlate toestimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a important correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration.Globotriaosylsphingosine supplier Nevertheless, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not substantially correlate with general hangover severity.IL-31 Storage & Stability Essential W ORDSalcohol, biomarker, EtG, ethanol, EtS, hangover|I N T RO D U CT I O NHangovers don’t only possess a damaging impact on one’s well being and wellbeing, but additionally have socioeconomic consequences, for instance missing appointments and poor performance at work (Verster Frone 2015).PMID:25023702 As an example, more than half of Dutch longhaul truck drivers report driving during the hangover state even though they acknowledge that their driving is significantly less protected and less responsible compared to nondrinking days (Verster, van der Maarel, McKinney, Olivier, de Haan, 2014). This was confirmed by an experimental study that demonstratedAlcohol could be the most abused drug worldwide, and hangovers will be the most typically reported adverse consequence.
